Short Answer
Frequencies are the foundation of every radio connection. They are limited resources and are regulated depending on the country, application, power, and technology. For simple applications, license-free frequencies may suffice; however, professional business radio networks often require assigned or licensed frequencies. In Switzerland, BAKOM is the central authority for this. A good radio solution integrates technology, regulation, and channel planning from the start.
Why Frequencies are Regulated
Radio utilizes electromagnetic waves. If multiple systems improperly use the same area, interference occurs. Therefore, it is specified which frequency ranges are designated for which applications, the permissible power levels, and what technical conditions apply.
For companies, it is important: frequency planning is not merely a formality. It determines whether handheld radios, mobile devices, repeaters, building radio, alerting, DMR, TETRA, LTE/5G routers, or other systems can be operated reliably and legally.
License-Free or Licensed?
| Model | Typical Usage | Important Classification |
|---|---|---|
| License-Free Frequencies | Simple radio applications with specified technical limits. | No exclusive use, limited power, potential interference from other users. |
| Licensed Frequencies | Professional business radio, repeater networks, closed user groups. | Better planning possibilities, but applications, allocations, fees, and technical requirements may apply. |
| Public Mobile Networks | LTE, 5G, routers, apps, MCX or Push-to-Talk-over-Cellular solutions. | Usage through mobile network operators or private network concepts; availability must be verified on a project basis. |
License-free does not mean regulation-free. Even license-free applications are subject to regulations regarding frequency ranges, power, channel width, device types, and usage types. Licensed does not automatically equate to interference-free but increases technical and legal planning certainty.
Switzerland, Germany, and Austria
In Switzerland, the Federal Office of Communications BAKOM is the central authority for frequencies and radio concessions. For professional projects, the current regulations, the national frequency plan, specific applications, and locations must be reviewed.
In Germany, the Federal Network Agency is responsible for frequency regulation and allocation. In Austria, the regulation is handled by RTR and the competent telecommunications authority. Therefore, for cross-border projects, a copy of an existing Swiss plan is not sufficient. Each country must be evaluated separately.
What is Channel Planning?
Channel planning translates regulatory opportunities into a functioning radio network. It involves considering frequency pairs, channel spacing, repeater channels, time slots, conversation groups, transmission powers, antenna locations, neighboring channels, and possible interferences together.
Channel planning becomes particularly complex with multiple locations, repeaters, building radio, tunnels, industrial areas, events, hospitals, airports, railways, and critical infrastructure. It is not enough to simply select a channel. Measurement, simulation, experience, and documentation must align.
Typical Errors
- Devices are purchased before frequencies and concessions are clarified.
- License-free frequencies are planned for overly critical applications.
- Swiss, German, and Austrian regulations are mixed.
- Repeaters are planned without clear frequency pairs, decoupling, and filtering.
- Border-adjacent locations are viewed without considering international effects.
- Channel planning is not connected with measurements, antenna locations, and user groups.
FAQ
Does a company need a radio concession in Switzerland?
For professional radio networks, frequency allocation or radio concession is often required. Whether this applies in a specific case depends on frequency range, power, application, location, and system design. The current regulations from BAKOM are decisive.
How do I apply for radio frequencies in Switzerland?
Radio frequencies and concessions are clarified or applied for in Switzerland through BAKOM. A knowledgeable radio partner like Motcom can assess the requirements, prepare the technical design, conduct channel planning and documentation, and assist with the application process. It is important to clarify frequencies before purchasing or programming professional radio devices.
Are license-free frequencies suitable for business radio?
They may be adequate for simple applications but do not offer exclusive frequency usage. For safety-critical or larger business radio networks, licensed frequencies are often the more reliable foundation.
Can Swiss frequencies be used in Germany or Austria?
No, frequency usage is regulated on a national level. A radio concept permissible in Switzerland cannot automatically be operated in Germany or Austria. Border-adjacent locations must be coordinated carefully.
What is channel planning?
Channel planning specifies which frequencies, channel spacing, transmission powers, repeater channels, groups, and locations will be used. The goal is to create a stable radio network without unnecessary self-interference or conflicts with other users.
Sources and Currency
This page was created on July 6, 2026. Frequency regulations, concession conditions, and national responsibilities may change and must be reviewed for relevance before a project.